Jens,
Thanks for your ideas. These caused me to remember something that I recently changed, which is apparently related to the problem.
In the past, I always placed the directory for my library headers in my Project build options- > Search directories.
A couple of weeks back, I moved this directory to my Global compiler settings -> Search directories.
Using the global settings is convenient, but with this setup I definitely have the problem that I describe above.
When I move the headers directory back to the Project build options- > Search directories, the Build process now operates correctly.
Now that I know what the problem is, I can easily avoid it.
It is quite possible that I am doing something wrong, but there sure seems to be a bug somewhere related to the Global search directories.