FYI:
This is really an compiler specific type question so no one can really help you without the compiler.
Also, include compiler version number.
Also, I suggest Code::Blocks version or SVN number would help to duplicate the problem.
Edit: I just tried it with SVN 5134 and MinGW GCC 3.4.5 and don't see printf outputs.
I am assume they should be there, I have not used SDL in many months.
Were they there in the past?
Edit: I just realized I never used cout or printf inside of an Code::Blocks run either.
Edit: Please look for files called stderr.txt and stdout.txt when running the debug program.
It appears to be going there for me. Same folder as exe file in my case "TestSDL3\bin\Debug" where TestSDL3 was project name.
Tim S