please, please, PLEASE, use google (or duckduckgo) to search for tutorials. I think there are tons, even on youtube, for absolute beginner...
I want to understand the structure of Code::Blocks and that how functions work together, how and where variables are stored and called, etc.
well then you have to learn c, because this are c things.... And again, search the web for "c codeblocks tutorial". No one will have the time to explain to you what is already written somewhere easily findable.
If you have a SPECIFIC question (like "where can i find this or that setting"), you can ask here, and we will try to help you...
greetings