whether or not I have the "stop on first error" option enabled
I found later there was a setting stored in the project that was listed in a compile block of its own, and was not displayed in any of the targets in the project. So yes, your precious poorly named IDE does have a bug.
If you would seriously try to understand, you would have seen the drop-down-box, that let you decide whether you want to prepend or append the targets build-options to the project options or do not use the project options at all.
And anybody who is able to read, should also be able to understand that there are not just target, but also project options that
can be common for all targets.
But this need of course a little bit willingness and the ability to learn and read, but you do not show either the one nor the other.
By the way:
a good start to understand any software, you are not common with, is to read the documentation:
http://www.codeblocks.org/user-manual