...and a "share" folder with subfolders which are all empty. After deletion of the %appdata%\codeblocks\share\ folder and any startup of c::b, I get the error message
Also, if finding all necessary config files in $(codeblocks) dir, why does it create these under %appdata% again? (Though they also appear in the codeblocks directory)?
Because "user plugins" were added a long time after everything else, and because the person adding them was not the same as the person writing the other path handling functions. Such things happen.
Because nobody ever uses the relocation feature, we don't see the error, and we don't get feedback on it (until now). Therefore, things like that may go unnoticed. Even if we use the feature (as I did a few days ago), the problem doesn't show up on developers' machines either, as we do have those folders in our profile folders.
cbKeyBinder10v111.ini
codesnippets.xml
Those are not strictly Code::Blocks, these belong to contrib plugins. Quite likely, they suffer from the same problem as the "empty folder" one, though.