As per the previous troubleshooting (
http://forums.codeblocks.org/index.php/topic,23158.msg157800.html#msg157800), it was determined wx3.1 was what introduced the failed assertions in my scenario. I tried connecting with the RDP client set to 32 bit color mode and this C::B nightly launched without error. I connected with 24 bit and 15 bit color modes and launching the nightly resulted in the failed assertion messages for each. So that does seem to be a trigger for this problem, although unless I'm misremembering, 16 bit color is the default setting for Windows' RDP for quite a while (probably at least Windows XP).
I can try to build the source code, but I don't want to install an SVN client (since I was mostly coerced to switching to Git after Google Code shut down and I transferred over to Github). Getting the source code snapshot is taking ages though. Are there any other unlisted build requirements other than what's listed on the Wiki article (wiki.codeblocks.org/index.php/Installing_Code::Blocks_from_source_on_Windows)?
Edit: The source downloaded. Do I just continue from here by opening the C::B project and trying to build it from within the IDE?
Edit 2: I set it up as per the article as far as I can tell, but the build failed at:
#error "You need to have Direct2D capable wxWidget build to build Code::Blocks. We want to support fonts with ligatures!!!"
This compiler directive is in src\sdk\wxscintilla\src\PlatWX.cpp
Edit 3: Trying the steps listed here (taking sodev's correction into account that include\wx\msw\setup.h is the correct file to edit):
http://forums.codeblocks.org/index.php/topic,23291.msg158631.html#msg158631Edit 4: Even after all that and rebuilding both wxWidgets and C::B, it failed on the same line. I don't want to just hackishly bypass this check just to get it to compile if that will break something. I'll wait for further guidance.