There is not.
And I am fear that it will not come tomorrow, because parsing cpp files is really hard. Think about that, you can have nested typedef, macros, templates and classes. This is not so uncommon, and C::B is not at the moment able to parse correctly such kind of things, even for code completion.
So, for syntax check, the only way is to compile.
C++ is not java, there are many steps to make an application. In short (notice that for template, I am not sure about the priority):
_ macro parser phase 1
_ macro parser phase 2
_ template parsing
_ sometimes compilation of header files (pre-compiled headers)
_ compilation of each cpp file
_ linking of all object files
And remember when you compile projects. It take several seconds, even for short ones, and for huge ones, it can take hours. Integrating such feature would kill your processor, ram and hard-disk quickly. (And C::B is my personal favorite IDE because it is lightweight
)
So, such kind of feature is possible, but will dramatically slow your computer. Even microsoft visual C++ does not have this feature, at least in 2008 version. (Or I do not know where it is hidden)