I have installed Codeblocks on Windows XP and got Compilers auto-detection window. Many compilers there. For example: GNU GCC, MS Visual C++ Toolkit/2003, MS Visual C++ 2005/2008, MS Visual C++ 2010 (in my case Codeblocks found it), Borland C++ (5.5, 5.82) and etc.
I would to know some opiniions about what compiler is the best case for Codeblocks + Windows XP SP3 for C/C++.
Depends on what you want to do, of course.
Microsoft compilers: Advantage of being native to the OS, but MSVC 2010 is the last XP compatible one already. If it is good enough for what you want, then you can stick with that.
Issues arise when you want to use libraries and code from other projects, like current projects, with new syntax and new standards.
MinGW had many updates after 2010 too, and many packages to go with it. All good until around 2016 and MinGW 5.3. After that time, you will find parts of this ecosystem include non-XP compatible Vista+ API calls. Though if you are adventurous, there are are still ways.