From cb_console_runner man page:
"cb_console_runner is part of the Code::Blocks IDE. It is used to launch console programs and wait for them to finish. When the console program is finished, cb_console_runner displays "Press ENTER to continue".
It doesn't have any sense to use it in a terminal.
You could try:
/Applications/CodeBlocks.app/Contents/MacOS/cb_console_runner /filePath/bin/Debug/firstCDocument
cb_console_runner expects an executable file as first argument