I don't have access to a 32bit version of CodeBlocks, but I know that you need to use the mingw version of clangd.exe when compiling with mingw.
But the MinGW folder of the distributed CB 2503 does not have the mingw version of clangd.exe. The version there is the clang compiler's version of clangd. So it's only usable when compiling with with clang.exe, not mingw.
I don't know where you would find a clangd.exe 32bit executable. Maybe someone using the 32bit version of CB knows.
Here' what Perpexity has to say:
Using 64-bit clangd with 32-bit CodeBlocks: In most cases, you can use a 64-bit clangd.exe with a 32-bit CodeBlocks installation, provided your system is 64-bit Windows.
The communication between CodeBlocks and clangd is via LSP (over pipes or sockets), and does not require both processes to be the same bitness, as long as the OS supports running both.
However, plugin compatibility and stability may vary, and some users have reported issues with the Clangd Client plugin in CodeBlocks, regardless of bitness.
It looks to me like your best bet is to download Msys2 and use the clangd.exe in the Mingw64\bin folder if you're OS is 64bit.
Else you could try to find a 32bit Msys2 that includes mingw with clangd.exe in the Mingw32/bin folder.