You have already built codeblocks without specifying --prefix to configure (defaults to /usr/local).
Now you just re-ran configure with a new --prefix (and no compilation because it was already up-to-date) and expect it to work?
Anyway, I 've provided a custom target for this case.
Run "make clean-bins" and then "make". This will force relinking (only), taking into account the new prefix. "make install" should work afterwards...