From the build log I see that instead of using dmd to do the link, Codeblocks uses gcc directly. For the output destination, in the command line, it has -ofbin/Debug/appname. The linker then complains that there is No such file/directory: fbin/Debug/appname, making it impossible to build a D program.
I think the -of flag is a dmd one. If I understand gcc --help correctly, gcc uses -o to specify a destination. I don't see any way to alter this in settings. Is there a way round it or does it require developer attention?