Unfortunately, no. The libstdc++ threading support is based on pthreads, while TDM-GCC is currently built with Win32-style threads. There is not a 1-to-1 correspondence between the Linux (pthreads) threading model and the Windows threading model, and ideally someone needs to contribute a Windows version of the libstdc++ threading support.
There has been some noise in the last year or so about Mingw-w64's winpthreads library being able to bridge the gap. However, the library is still classified as experimental and I have seen a few bug reports on MinGW-w64's mailing list that make me leery of it. Furthermore, the additional layer of indirection caused by trying to make Windows look like pthreads will only cause additional problems -- we've seen this already with GCC's OpenMP support.
All that said, I may attempt a pthreads-based build at some point in the future and see what comes of it. But your threading support just isn't there right now.