sadly c::b has no good error logging...
you can start gdb from the command line
I suppose your mingw installation is in your path, then you can simply run
path/to/cb/gdb.exe codeblocks.exe
and if you get some segfault you can get a backtrace with
but i think it won't contain many information, because c::b binaries arn't compiled with -g option...
greetings